1971–1972

As a world financial crisis began to take hold, Ferruccio Lamborghini's companies began to run into financial difficulties. In 1971, Lamborghini's tractor company, which exported around half of its production, ran into difficulties. Cento, Trattori's South African importer, cancelled all its orders. After staging a successful coup d'état, the new military government of Bolivia cancelled a large order of tractors that was partially ready to ship from Genoa. Trattori's employees, like Automobili's, were unionized and could not be laid off. In 1972, Lamborghini sold his entire holding in Trattori to SAME, another tractor builder.^[17][44][45]
The entire Lamborghini group was now finding itself in financial troubles. Development at the automaker slowed; the production version of the LP 500 missed the 1972 Geneva Show, and only the P400 GTS version of the Jarama was on display. Faced with a need to cut costs, Paulo Stanzani set aside the LP 500's powerplant, slating a smaller, 4-litre engine for production.^[46] Ferruccio Lamborghini began courting buyers for Automobili; he entered negotiations with Georges-Henri Rossetti, a wealthy Swiss businessman and friend of Ferruccio's, as well as being the owner of an Islero and an Espada.^[46] Ferruccio sold Rossetti 51% of the company for US$600,000, thereby relinquishing control of the automaker he had founded. He continued to work at the Sant'Agata factory; Rossetti rarely involved himself in Automobili's affairs.

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1969–1970

The Espada was Lamborghini's first truly popular model, with more than 1,200 sold during its ten years of production.

Bertone was able to persuade Lamborghini to allow them to design a brand-new four-seater. The shape was penned by Marcello Gandini, and a bodyshell delivered to Ferruccio for inspection. The businessman was less than pleased with the enormous gullwing doors that Gandini had included, and insisted that the car would have to feature conventional doors.^[35] The car that resulted from the collaboration was debuted at the 1969 Geneva show with the name Espada, powered by a 3.9-litre, front-mounted evolution of the factory's V12, producing 325 bhp (242 kW). The Espada was a success, with a total production run of 1,217 cars over ten years of production.^[36]
In 1969, Automobili Lamborghini encountered problems with its fully unionized work force, among which the machinists and fabricators had begun to take one-hour token stoppages as part of a national campaign due to strained relations between the metal workers' union and Italian industry.^[40] Ferruccio Lamborghini, who often rolled up his sleeves and joined in the work on the factory floor, was able to motivate his staff to continue working towards their common goal despite the disruptions.

The Jarama was a shortened, sportier version of the Espada.

Throughout that year, Lamborghini's product range, then consisting of the Islero, the Espada, and the Miura S, received upgrades across the board, with the Miura receiving a power boost, the Islero being upgraded to "S" trim, and the Espada gaining comfort and performance upgrades which allowed it to reach speeds of up to 160 mph (260 km/h). The Islero was slated to be replaced by a shortened yet higher-performing version of the Espada, the Jarama 400GT. The 3.9-litre V12 was retained, its compression ratio increasing to 10.5:1.^[41]

The Urraco was the first clean-sheet Lamborghini design since the 350GTV.

By the time the Jarama was unveiled at the 1970 Geneva show, Paulo Stanzani was at work on a new clean-sheet design, which would use no parts from previous Lamborghini cars. Changes in tax laws and a desire to make full use of the factory's manufacturing capacity meant that the Italian automaker would follow the direction taken by Ferrari, with its Dino 246 and Porsche, with its 911, and produce a smaller, V8-powered 2+2 car, the Urraco. The 2+2 body style was selected as a concession to practicality, with Ferruccio acknowledging that Urraco owners might have children. The single overhead cam V8 designed by Stanzani produced 220 bhp at 5000 rpm. Bob Wallace immediately began road testing and development; the car was to be presented at the 1970 Turin motor show.^[41]
In 1970, Lamborghini began development of a replacement for the Miura, which was a pioneering model, but had interior noise levels that Ferruccio Lamborghini found unacceptable and nonconforming to his brand philosophy.^[42] Engineers designed a new, longer chassis that placed the engine longitudinally, further away from the driver's seat. Designated the LP 500 for its 4.97-litre version of the company's V12, the prototype was styled by Marcello Gandini at Bertone. The car that was presented was debuted at the 1971 Geneva Motor Show, alongside the final revision of the Miura, the P400 SuperVeloce. Completing the Lamborghini range were the Espada 2, the Urraco P250, and the Jarama GT.^[43]

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1967–1968

Debuting in 1967, the groundbreaking Miura (foreground) became Lamborghini's first mid-engined two-seater

Production of the 400GT continued, with Ferruccio Lamborghini seeking to replace the four-year-old design. Lamborghini commissioned Touring, which had styled the 350GT and original 400GT, to design a possible replacement based on the same chassis. Touring's 400 GT Flying Star II did not win Lamborghini's approval. Giorgio Neri and Luciano Bonacini, of Neri and Bonacini coachbuilders in Modena produced their own design, the 400GT Monza, which was rejected as well.^[34] Facing mounting financial difficulties, Touring would close its doors later that year.

The Islero was a sales disappointment, but faithful to Ferruccio's ideal of a reliable grand tourer.

Ferruccio Lamborghini turned to Bertone designer Mario Marazzi, who had formerly worked at Touring. Together with Lamborghini's engineers, he created a four-seater named the Marzal. The car rode on a stretched Miura chassis, and was powered by an in-line six-cylinder that was made from one-half of Lamborghini's V12 design.^[35] Despite an innovative design that featured gullwing doors and enormous glass windows, Lamborghini rejected the design. Eventually, a toned-down version became the Islero 400GT. While the car was not the full four-seater that he desired, Ferruccio Lamborghini thought the car represented a well-developed gran turismo product.^[36] It failed to attract buyers, with only 125 cars produced between 1968 and 1969.^[37]
New versions of the Miura arrived in 1968; the Miura P400 S (more commonly known as the Miura S) featured a stiffened chassis and more power, with the V12 developing 370 bhp at 7000 rpm. At the 1968 Brussels auto show, the automaker unveiled the Miura P400 Roadster (more commonly the Miura Spider), an open-top version of the coupé. Gandini, by now effectively the head of design at Bertone, had paid great attention to the details, particularly the problems of wind buffeting and noise insulation inherent to a roadster.^[38] For all of Gandini's hard work, Sgarzi was forced to turn potential buyers away, as Lamborghini and Bertone were unable to reach a consensus on the size of a theoretical roadster production run. The Miura Spider was sold off to an American metal alloy supplier, who wanted to use it as a marketing device. 1968 was a positive time for all of Ferruccio's businesses, and Automobili delivered 353 cars over the course of the year.^[38]
In August 1968, Gian Paolo Dallara, frustrated with Ferruccio Lamborghini's refusal to participate in motorsport, was recruited away from Sant'Agata to head the Formula One programme at rival automaker De Tomaso in Modena. With profits on the rise, a racing programme would have been a possibility, but Lamborghini remained against even the construction of prototypes, stating his mission as: "I wish to build GT cars without defects – quite normal, conventional but perfect – not a technical bomb.^[39] With cars like the Islero and the Espada, his aim to establish himself and his cars as equal or superior to the works of Enzo Ferrari had been satisfied. Dallara's assistant, Paulo Stanzani, replaced him as technical director.^[40]

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Type BMW

SERIES

1.   1 Series

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Launched in late 2004, the 1 Series is a compact hatchback that sits between BMW's MINI line of cars and the 3 Series models. The MINI, based on the famed British-made Mini Cooper, is a separate line of vehicles owned by BMW since 2000. The 1 Series first debuted as a 5-door hatchback, with the 3-door model appearing in 2007. More than 149,000 1 Series models were sold in its first year.

2.   3 Series

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The venerable 3 Series debuted in 1975 and has emerged as BMW's reliable compact executive car. It's offered as a station wagon, coupe, 4-door sedan or convertible. This mid-range priced vehicle has exceeded sales of other less expensive similar class cars in Europe because of its durability. It's BMW's best seller.

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3.   5 Series

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Up a notch from the 3 Series is the 5 Series. It was launched in 1975 as a mid-size executive car and offered today only as a 4-door sedan and station wagon. It's equipped with several engine options including the 282-horsepower 4.4-liter V-8, the 225-horsepower 3-liter straight-6 and the 400-horsepower 4.9-liter V-8. The M5 Motorsport version is equipped with a 507-horsepower V-10 that can hit about 155 mph.

4.   6 Series

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The grand touring sport coupe, BMW's high-end luxury line, had a production run from 1976-89, and then returned in 2003. The sports car-style 6 Series is offered as a coupe and convertible. In addition to the straight-6 and V-8, it also comes equipped with the 507-horsepower V-10 and the 286-horsepower 3-liter Twin Turbo Diesel.

5.   7 Series

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The ultra-luxury 7 Series executive sedan is the flagship vehicle of BMW. Launched in 1977, the 7 Series' most ambitious model is the Hydrogen 7, which runs on gasoline and hydrogen. Drivers are allowed to switch what fuel they want to use. However, only 100 Hydrogen 7 cars have been manufactured for testing purposes.

6.   X3 and X5

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The X3 crossover, a passenger car with truck-like qualities, was launched in 2003. It's an all-wheel drive vehicle that is powered by either a gasoline or diesel 4-cylinder engine or the larger straight-6 also found in the 3 Series. The X3 perhaps possesses more truck characteristics than a crossover usually offers with a stiff ride and somewhat plain interior. The X5 is BMW's mid-size luxury SUV that was launched in 2000 and powered by a 253-horsepower fuel-injected 4.8-liter engine among other options.

7.   Z4

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The popular 2-seater sports roadster Z4 succeeded the Z3 in 2002. Since its introduction more than 100,000 Z4s have been built. By 2008, a retractable hardtop was offered. The 258-horsepower 3-liter version Z4 has a top speed of 155 mph and can hit 62 mph from a standstill in 5.1 seconds.

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